Nature News had a recent article which poses the question of whether the Universe is merely a holographic illusion. There is scientific debate on how the universe operates, with string theory being one of the explanations. But science has trouble verifying its various theories.
A team of physicists has provided some evidence that our Universe could be just one big holographic projection. In 1997, theorical physicist Juan Maldacena proposed that in his model of the Universe, which gravity arises from
infinitesimally thin, vibrating strings could be reinterpreted in terms
of well-established physics. The mathematically intricate world of
strings, which exist in nine dimensions of space plus one of time, would
be merely a hologram: the real action would play out in a simpler,
flatter cosmos where there is no gravity.
Maldacena's idea
thrilled physicists because it offered a way to put the popular but
still unproven theory of strings on solid footing — and because it
solved apparent inconsistencies between quantum physics and Einstein's
theory of gravity. It provided physicists with a mathematical Rosetta
stone, a 'duality', that allowed them to translate back and forth
between the two languages, and solve problems in one model that seemed
intractable in the other and vice versa. But although the validity of
Maldacena's ideas has pretty much been taken for granted ever since, a
rigorous proof has been elusive.
Yoshifumi Hyakutake of Ibaraki University in Japan and
his colleagues reported
evidence that may prove Maldacena’s conjecture is true. Hyakutake computed the internal energy of a black hole, the position of
its event horizon (the boundary between the black hole and the rest of
the Universe), its entropy and other properties based on the predictions
of string theory as well as the effects of so-called virtual particles
that continuously pop into and out of existence. He and his collaborators also separately calculated the internal energy of the
corresponding lower-dimensional cosmos with no gravity. The two computer
calculations match.
“It seems to be a correct computation,” says
Maldacena, who did not contribute to the Japanese team's work. “(The findings) are an interesting way to test many ideas in quantum gravity
and string theory," Maldacena adds. The two papers, he notes, are the
culmination of a series of articles contributed by the Japanese team
over the past few years. “The whole sequence of papers is very nice
because it tests the dual [nature of the universes] in regimes where
there are no analytic tests.”
“They have numerically confirmed,
perhaps for the first time, something we were fairly sure had to be
true, but was still a conjecture — namely that the thermodynamics of
certain black holes can be reproduced from a lower-dimensional
universe,” says Leonard Susskind, a theoretical physicist at Stanford
University in California who was among the first theoreticians to
explore the idea of holographic universes.
Neither of the model
universes explored by the Japanese team resembles our own, Maldacena
notes. The cosmos with a black hole has ten dimensions, with eight of
them forming an eight-dimensional sphere. The lower-dimensional,
gravity-free one has but a single dimension, and its menagerie of
quantum particles resembles a group of idealized springs, or harmonic
oscillators, attached to one another.
Nevertheless, says
Maldacena, the numerical proof that these two seemingly disparate worlds
are actually identical gives hope that the gravitational properties of
our Universe can one day be explained by a simpler cosmos purely in
terms of quantum theory.
The concept of "duality" was present in the LOST series. In fact, duality has been a theme of mankind throughout its history. Ancient people thought in terms of a dual system: heaven and earth, gods and man, fire and water, time and space, good and bad, etc. There was also duality taught in religious believes between the two worlds: material and spiritual. Ancient Egyptians took the concept further to state that after death, a person's soul splits into different forms, the ba and ka, to journey through the underworld. So it is not surprising that human beings view the world around them through the concept of duality.
The LOST story structure wound up to be in two dual planes of existence: the island and the sideways worlds. Was one real and the other a projection? Were both real but in different time space? Or were both projections of the same universe but reflected back as illusions? The parallel that cutting edge science is still cannot figure out the universe, and LOST fans still cannot agree on what the show's main premise was is somewhat comforting and troubling at the same time.