The Others may be an off-shoot of the temple. But they tend to live throughout the jungle, in a nomadic lifestyle. They use tents and make camp for weeks at a time. This is the main core group, which contains a mix of older island populous and new recruits for Ben's army after his purge of the Dharma collective.
There are still a few Dharma people left on the island, such as Mikal, Mrs. Krug and Kelvin, who still manned the Swan station. At one point, the Dharma science group had a truce with the Others over the control of the island. Dharma built several major stations on the island, which means at some point it controlled the island at will. But perhaps, under Horus' leadership, the scientific community dwindled - - - especially just prior to the dangerous Incident experiments to tap the island's energy source. As a result of the numbers loss, the Others began to attack the Dharma holdovers. Dharma collapsed due to Ben's purge.
There were also three stray individuals on the island. Danielle, the last remaining survivor of her shipwreck, had been living off the land for 14 years. Jacob had been the island guardian for centuries, mostly holed up in the foot of the Tawaret statue. Then there was MIB, the smoke monster, who may have been the oldest creature on the island.
By the end of the series, several major population shifts happen on the island.
All the remaining members of the Dharma group were killed off.
The temple people who refused to leave were wiped out by the smoke monster.
Danielle was killed by Widmore's raiders.
Jacob and MIB apparently met their demise.
The remaining Others had left for hiding in the jungle, or in the case of deposed Ben, an assistant to the new island guardian.
And only six 815ers (Hurley, Rose, Bernard, Cindy, Emma and Zach) were left alive on the island. Rose and Bernard were at their own cottage away from everyone. Cindy, Emma and Zach were with the new Others group. Hurley was left in charge of the island itself.
